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TT-32 Condensation of two liquid phases in steam/hydrocarbon applications
September 06, 2023
Component: Xist Applicable to: All supported versions (Version 8.2 and Version 9.x) Date posted: 6 September 2023 During condensation of a steam/hydrocarbon mixture, the condensate can form two immiscible liquids (also known as two liquid phases). These phases can exist only in equilibrium with the vapor phase at a single point (the...
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TT-31 Beware of flow obstructions in inlet and outlet regions
February 14, 2023
Component: Xist, Xvib Applicable to: All supported versions (Version 8.2 and Version 9.x) Date posted: 14 February 2023 Flow obstructions in the inlet and outlet regions can invalidate the Xist bundle entrance and exit velocities and thus impact the rho-V2 calculations. The Xist vibration analysis for shell and bundle entrance and exit...
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TechTip: Modeling Plate-and-Shell Heat Exchangers using Xphe
July 29, 2020
This webinar briefly reviews HTRI research on plate-and-frame heat exchangers and plate-and-shell heat exchangers (PSHEs), focusing on the geometry differences and similarities between the two types. Xphe® is a module in Xchanger Suite® for modeling plate-and-frame heat exchangers. Using an example case, we will discuss how to use Xphe to model a PSHE. Additionally, we identify the key...
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TT-30 Modeling plate-and-shell heat exchangers using Xphe
May 06, 2020
Component: Xphe Applicable to: All supported versions (versions 7.3 through 8.1) Date posted: 6 May 2020 Last updated: 21 February 2024 Xphe, a module in Xchanger Suite, models plate-and-frame heat exchangers (PHEs) with rectangular plates. This TechTip provides a workaround for using Xphe to model plate-and-shell exchangers (PSHEs) with circular plates...
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TT-29 Kettle vaporizers and the modified three-point heat release curve
February 17, 2020
Component: Xist Applicable to: All supported versions (versions 7.3 through 8.1) Date posted: 17 February 2020 Kettle design promotes shellside recirculation in the tube bundle, making kettles ideal for vaporizing pure or nearly pure fluids. In vaporizers, liquid recirculates within the bundle, and vapor separates from liquid droplets in the volume...
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TechTip: Challenges in Modeling Kettle Vaporizers
January 16, 2020
Modeling kettle vaporizers presents multiple challenges, including entrainment and circulation issues. As part of the kettle Circulation Boiling Model (CBM), Xist® modifies the heat release curve (program calculated or user specified) to create a unique kettle three-point heat release curve to determine the temperature profile within the bundle. This webinar focuses on when...
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TT-28 Specifying disk-and-doughnut baffles in Xist
December 04, 2019
Component: Xist Applicable to: All supported versions (Versions 8.2 and 9) Date posted: 5 December 2019 (updated 26 October 2023) Disk-and-doughnut baffles are an alternative to conventional segmental baffles. Figure 1 illustrates a generic disk-and-doughnut baffle configuration. In many industrial units, tubes are present only in the overlap region between the...
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TechTip: Interpreting Latent Heat Warning Messages in Xchanger Suite
July 25, 2019
This webinar describes how Xchanger Suite® determines latent heat. We identify the common latent heat warning messages issued in Xchanger Suite and discuss potential impacts to your design....
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TechTip: Running Air Coolers with a Reduced Number of Fans
July 02, 2019
Air coolers use fans to drive the cooling air over the tube bundle. The number of fans in operation may be less than the total number of fans installed, such as in scenarios where operations are winterized or where extra fans are installed for redundancy. This webinar will look at how...
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TT-27 Modeling air-cooled heat exchangers with redundant fans
April 14, 2019
Component: Xace Applicable to: All supported versions (versions 7.3 and 8) Date posted: 15 April 2019 Air-cooled heat exchangers are typically designed for operation with all fans on. A bay with two, three, or four operating fans is commonly identified as 2×50%, 3×33%, or 4×25% fans, indicating that each operating...
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TT-26 Vibration analysis of nonbaffled H shells
May 14, 2018
Component: Xist, Xvib Applicable to: All supported versions (versions 7.3 and 8) Date posted: 15 May 2018 TEMA H shells are commonly used as horizontal shellside reboilers. They can be baffled or nonbaffled as long as the unsupported span length remains within TEMA guidelines. In nonbaffled cases, the tubes have three...
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TechTip: Differential and Integral Flash
March 30, 2017
In this webinar, we will discuss how the HTRI software performs vapor/liquid equilibrium calculations necessary for predicting heat transfer and pressure performance of heat transfer equipment. Additionally, we will illustrate what control the user has over the process and how to decide when to exercise this control....
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TT-13 Model supercritical fluids
January 26, 2017
Component: All Applicable to: All supported versions (Versions 7.3 and 8) Date posted: 7 September 2010 Last updated: 10 November 2022 A supercritical fluid is widely defined as any substance at a temperature and pressure above its critical point, where distinct liquid and vapor phases do not exist. The position of...
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TT-10 Model electric heaters in Xist
January 26, 2017
Component: Xist Applicable to: All supported versions Date posted: 16 January 2023 Future Work Further research and software work is required to improve Xist’s electric heater modeling, as the implementation in Version 9.1 automates the prior guidance from the original TT-10 for Versions 9.0 and earlier (available below) but does not address...
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TT-9 Specify double-segmental baffles in Xist
January 26, 2017
Component: Xist Applicable to: All supported versions (Versions 7.3 and 8) Date posted: 19 August 2009 Double-segmental baffles are TEMA baffles that split the flow along the length of a bundle. The baffle pattern diverts flow with alternating center baffles and wing baffles as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. Double-segmental...
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TT-7 Model flooding for horizontal tubeside condensers
January 26, 2017
Component: Xist Applicable to: All supported versions (Versions 7.3 and 8) Date posted: 7 October 2008 Although Xist does not include an option to specify the flooded condensate level for horizontal tubeside condensers, you can use Xist results to determine the flooded condensate level in the channel head using only one...
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TT-5 Design guidance for distributor plates
January 26, 2017
Component: Xist Applicable to: All supported versions (Versions 7.3 and 8) Date posted: 13 March 2008 Last updated: 1 August 2016 You can address shellside maldistribution using distributor plates, commonly used in X shells. Our thermal and hydraulic calculations in Xchanger Suite assume that flow is properly distributed. Currently Xchanger Suite...
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TT-3 Model fan-off operation in Xace
January 26, 2017
Component: Xace Applicable to: All supported versions (7.3 and 8) Date posted: 4 March 2008 Last updated: 25 March 2019 Air-cooled heat exchangers are typically designed for operation with all fans on. For a bay with two, three, or four operating fans, this operation is commonly indicated as 2×50%, 3×33%...
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TT-2 Learn how driver power is calculated
January 26, 2017
Component: Xace Applicable to: All supported versions (versions 7.3 and 8) Date posted: 15 January 2008 Last updated: 22 January 2021 The Xace Output Summary includes the calculated driver power (or the power consumed by each fan motor) on line 41. But how does Xace calculate this value? The basic definition for...
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TT-1 Beware of large height under nozzle with parallel-cut baffles
January 26, 2017
Component: Xist Applicable to: All supported versions (versions 7.3 and 8) Date posted: 4 January 2008 In cases with parallel-cut baffles, when the height under nozzle lowers the top of a tube bundle below the baffle cut, the accuracy of Xist results is reduced. In such cases, a bundle bypass path...
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TechTip: Momentum Recovery in Tubeside Vacuum Condensers
February 01, 2017
Traditionally, for tubeside vacuum condensers, designers attempt to ensure that the velocity profile through the exchanger decelerates from the inlet nozzle to the outlet nozzle. Momentum recovery occurs with a reducing velocity profile throughout an exchanger. If correlations do not account for momentum recovery in the inlet and outlet header of...
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TechTip: Vibration Analysis in U-bends
January 16, 2017
As heat exchanger design continues to evolve toward larger units with ever-increasing flowrates, the importance of tube vibration analysis has never been more important. However, u-tube designs can be particularly problematic. This webinar will discuss Xist® assumptions with U-bends and when Xvib® should be used for an accurate vibration analysis...
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TechTip: Applying the HTRI Parametric Study Tool
January 16, 2017
In this session, we walk through applying the HTRI Parametric Study Tool to a real case. We first model a one-fan-off Xace® case and then work towards running a parametric study on air-cooler winterization. This webinar does not include any background information on the basics of the HTRI Parametric Study Tool....
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TechTip: Kettle Entrainment Prediction
January 16, 2017
After discussing an overview of kettle reboilers and the fundamentals of entrainment, this webinar reviews Xist® input and output as well as design considerations that affect kettle entrainment. By working through an example case, this webinar teaches that accurate prediction of liquid entrainment is crucial for some applications, that liquid carryover...
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TechTip: How Xist Estimates External Pressure Requirements for Pipes and Tubes
January 16, 2017
This webinar will investigate how Xist® uses ASME code design methods to determine the external pressure requirements for cylinders. Using three cases, we will discuss how to determine thickness for specified temperature and pressure how to determine the maximum external pressure for a specified thickness external pressure limitations as compared to...
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TechTip: Self-venting Nozzles in Condensers
January 16, 2017
Self-venting nozzles are often desired in partial or complete condensers. HTRI recommends sizing these nozzles for gravity condensate flow to produce weir-type flow. Xist® can help users size self-venting nozzles properly with warning or informative messages; however, certain criteria must be met for the software to complete the necessary calculations. Xist uses...
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TechTip: Using the HTRI Automation Server
January 28, 2020
HTRI Xchanger Suite® provides an application programming interface (API) called the HTRI Automation Server. The HTRI Automation Server is easily accessed by external applications and may be used to access data from Xchanger Suite files and to run Xchanger Suite calculations.You may want to leverage the HTRI Automation Server to: integrate Xchanger...
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TechTip: Effectively Selecting Physical Properties in Xchanger Suite
January 16, 2017
The correct choice of the property package and model used for providing physical properties is important for obtaining good results. The purpose of this webinar is to help you select suitable packages and models for different processes, such as heat release curves for two-phase flow, two liquid-phase properties, and special cases....
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TechTip: Using the HTRI Parametric Study Tool
January 16, 2017
Attending this webinar will help you get started using the HTRI Parametric Study tool, which extends the capabilities of HTRI Xchanger Suite® using Microsoft Excel and the OLE automation server interface and API that is installed with Xchanger Suite. This tool allows you to run many Xchanger Suite cases in series based...
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TechTip: Service Type Defaults in Xist
January 16, 2017
Xist® service types are improved and expanded in Xchanger Suite® 7. During this webinar, we will discuss and demonstrate the default values provided for thermosiphon reboiler and reflux condenser service types....
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TechTip: Modeling and Designing Non-round Bundles for Kettle Reboilers
January 16, 2017
This webinar discusses the advantages of flat-top bundles, reviews the implementation of the circulation boiling model in Xchanger Suite® prior to version 7, and discusses the improvements in version 7....
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TechTip: Using the HTRI Material Property Explorer
January 16, 2017
To facilitate better mechanical design calculations, we have expanded the number of materials available in Xchanger Suite® 7. This webinar will demonstrate the capabilities of the HTRI Material Property Explorer, a new tool that allows you to explore available materials, compare material properties, and create user-defined materials for use in Xchanger Suite...
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TechTip: Tube Spans in the Xist Vibration Report
January 16, 2017
Xist® automatically generates a vibration analysis report for all cases. The software selects tube spans for analysis based on a range of factors, including TEMA shell type, baffle type and baffle orientation. While users are generally familiar with the structure of the vibration report for TEMA E shells, the methods applied to...
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TechTip: Modeling DX Evaporators
January 16, 2017
This webinar provides an overview of DX evaporators and how to model them in Xist® and Xace®, including what has changed in Xchanger Suite® 7....
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TechTip: Modeling Subcooling in Horizontal Condensers
January 16, 2017
In horizontal condensers, flashing sometimes occurs downstream in the condensate discharge system. Incorporating a certain amount of subcooling may ensure that flashing does not occur. This webinar reviews HTRI’s subcooling and nozzle-sizing recommendations for condenser design and presents a method for calculating the condensate height in partially flooded units. The webinar...
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TechTip: Skin Temperature Computation in Xist
January 16, 2017
Skin temperature is an important variable in heat exchanger design because it may influence both fouling and corrosion. Xist® output reports list various skin, wall, and tube metal temperatures, but these data need to be interpreted correctly. In this webinar, we explain the influence of skin temperature on heat exchanger reliability, review...
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TechTip: Customized Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Calculations in Xchanger Suite
January 16, 2017
Xchanger Suite® provides sophisticated modeling capabilities for a wide range of heat exchangers. Occasionally, you may need to customize the software to extend its capabilities. In this webinar, we discuss the reasons for using non-standard solutions and explore the range of customization options available. Additionally, using an example case, we review and...
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TechTip: Modeling Horizontal Thermosiphon Oil Coolers
January 16, 2017
Thermosiphons are used in distillation columns, solar water heaters, refrigeration, and many other applications. This webinar focuses on one type: cooling screw compressor oil using a thermosiphon. It also includes a discussion of design and operation guidance available in open literature. The session ends with a demonstration of how Xist® models horizontal...
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TechTip: Optimizing Tube Flow – Mechanisms and Devices
January 16, 2017
Optimizing tube flow is a difficult quest if you do not understand the mechanisms by which tube inserts work. This webinar will describe the different types of tube inserts, explain how these different inserts work, help you determine which tube inserts are the best fit for your application, and discuss some...
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TechTip: Improvements in Specifying EMbaffles
January 16, 2017
HTRI continues to improve EMbaffle® implementation in Xist®. In this webinar specifically geared toward the use of EMbaffles in Xist, we describe the technology, discuss how to specify EMbaffle in Xist, and explain the EMbaffle-related improvements in Service Pack 3. We conclude the webinar by demonstrating input options for E- and F-shells...
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TechTip: Modeling A-Frame Condensers
January 16, 2017
A-frame condensers can be modeled in Xace® 6 by using the workarounds outlined in this webinar. After viewing this webinar, you will be able to describe A-frame geometry and analysis methods. The webinar includes a demonstration of Xace input options and works through two sample cases – a rating without reflux and a...
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