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Goodbye to bad vibes: A comparison of HTRI's tube vibration analysis tools (Part II)

July 07, 2025

Andy Mountford, Senior Technical Lead, Training Peter Joosten, Manager, Technical Support In a previous article, we reviewed the differences between the Xist® and Xvib® vibration analysis methods for straight-tube heat exchanger configurations. These differences are summarized in the table below. Straight-tube method Xist Xvib Vibration mechanisms analyzed Fluidelastic instability, vortex shedding,...
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• XVIB
• XIST
• VIBRATION
• TUBE LAYOUT
• HEAT EXCHANGER DESIGN

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Training case study: Vibration concern in steam generator unit

May 12, 2025

A TEMA AES exchanger with carbon steel tubes produces 7.5 bar steam on the shell side with a weight fraction vapor of 0.3 at the shell exit (Figure 1). The operator has seen no evidence of tube damage in the operating unit, but the Xist vibration analysis flags fluidelastic instability (FEI)...
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• XVIB
• XIST
• VIBRATION
• TUBE LAYOUT
• CASE STUDY

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Goodbye to bad vibes: A comparison of HTRI’s tube vibration analysis tools

April 08, 2025

Most readers are aware that HTRI's shell-and-tube software, Xist®, includes an integrated analysis of flow-induced tube vibration. Why, then, does HTRI offer a separate tube vibration screening tool, Xvib®? In this article we review some key differences between the two programs and identify instances in which Xvib is the superlative vibration...
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• XVIB
• XIST
• VIBRATION

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Acoustic vibration … in a kazoo?

March 07, 2025

While visiting my favorite used bookstore, I spotted a display of kazoos near the cash register. I was going to teach HTRI's Vibration Analysis Short Course in a few days and thought I could reinforce some important concepts in the course by explaining how kazoos work. Plus, I remembered having fun...
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• VIBRATION
• SHORT COURSE
• SHELL-AND-TUBE

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Noise, vibration, and … harshness?

December 04, 2023

NVH (noise, vibration, and harshness) is an increasingly important design metric for many commercial products—from vacuum cleaners and dishwashers, to lawnmowers and chain saws, to cars, trucks, and aircraft. Consumers demand a product that performs well but with low "observables." The first two qualities are measureable. A sound power meter can...
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• ACOUSTIC VIBRATION
• XVIB
• XIST
• VIBRATION
• SHELL-AND-TUBE
• HEAT EXCHANGERS

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TT-31 Beware of flow obstructions in inlet and outlet regions

February 14, 2023

Component: Xist, Xvib Date posted: 14 February 2023  Flow obstructions in the inlet and outlet regions can invalidate the Xist bundle entrance and exit velocities and thus impact the rho-V2 calculations. The Xist vibration analysis for shell and bundle entrance and exit areas is performed using the TEMA RGP-RCB-4.6.2 definitions. The...
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• SEAL STRIPS
• VIBRATION
• MECHANICAL DESIGN
• FLOW-INDUCED VIBRATION
• FLOW DISTRIBUTION
• XVIB
• XIST
• TECHTIP

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Case Study: Thermal Rating and Vibration Assessment of Disk-And-Doughnut Exchangers

July 08, 2020

Download Case Study PDF SUMMARY A fabrication company thermally re-rated two existing disk-and-doughnut heat exchangers for new process conditions at their acid plant. HTRI conducted research that improved their understanding and ability to model disk-and-doughnut heat exchangers. THE CHALLENGE Analyze heat exchanger performance Assess the potential for excessive vibration Flow pattern...
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• DISK-AND-DOUGHNUT EXCHANGER
• VIBRATION
• XVIB
• XIST
• CFD
• CASE STUDY

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The color of noise

May 13, 2020

Kevin Farrell, Principal Engineer, Computational Simulation & Validation The arrival of spring in many areas ushers in a welcome variation of color to the brown and gray shades of winter. Colors can lift our spirits from any winter doldrums. Surprisingly, one medium that also offers a spectrum of color—even year round—is...
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• VIBRATION
• HEAT EXCHANGERS

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TT-26 Vibration analysis of nonbaffled H shells

May 14, 2018

Component: Xist, Xvib Date posted: 15 May 2018   TEMA H shells are commonly used as horizontal shellside reboilers. They can be baffled or nonbaffled as long as the unsupported span length remains within TEMA guidelines. In nonbaffled cases, the tubes have three intermediate support plates, located under each nozzle and at...
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• BAFFLE
• TECHTIP
• VIBRATION

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Beyond the Basics: Getting the Most Out of Xvib

January 30, 2018

Xvib® is an advanced tool for tube vibration study. This webinar discusses some specific aspects of Xvib inputs that can be adjusted for a more accurate vibration analysis....
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• VIBRATION
• XVIB

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TT-25 Modeling anti-vibration support plates in Xist

May 04, 2017

Component: Xist Date posted: 4 May 2017 Last updated: 17 June 2025   With high crossflow velocities and long tube spans, bundle entrance and exit regions can be susceptible to tube vibration. Anti-vibration support plates1 can be effective in these regions and can reduce tube vibration potential. At the bundle entrance and...
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• XIST
• VIBRATION

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TT-8 Model tube vibration in the bundle entrance region with parallel-cut baffles

January 26, 2017

Component: Xist Date posted: 4 November 2008 Date retired: 7 December 2021 Xvib models the vibration potential of a single tube using a rigorous finite element method. It is the most accurate tool available to estimate the potential for tube damage. Using Xchanger Suite 8, you can quickly complete an Xvib model...
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• BAFFLE
• TUBE LAYOUT
• VIBRATION

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Beyond the Basics: Interpreting Common Xist Warning Messages

February 01, 2017

This webinar describes the different types of error messages that Xist® can generate. We focus on several important messages that are sometimes misunderstood or overlooked due to their frequency. These messages include warnings about a low B-stream, fluid property extrapolation, and fluidelastic instability. We describe their origins and the impact on...
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• B STREAM
• EXTRAPOLATION
• MESSAGES
• VIBRATION
• XIST

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TechTip: Vibration Analysis in U-bends

January 16, 2017

As heat exchanger design continues to evolve toward larger units with ever-increasing flowrates, the importance of tube vibration analysis has never been more important. However, u-tube designs can be particularly problematic. This webinar will discuss Xist® assumptions with U-bends and when Xvib® should be used for an accurate vibration analysis...
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• TECHTIP
• VIBRATION
• XIST

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Beyond the Basics: Understanding the Xist Vibration Report

January 16, 2017

Avoiding flow-induced vibration problems in shell-and-tube exchangers is an important task best accomplished at the design stage. Xist® completes a screening analysis using mechanistic-based methods that have been validated with real cases and data. Because there are two types of vibration (tube and acoustic) and several excitation mechanisms, careful examination of...
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• BASICS
• REPORT
• VIBRATION
• XIST

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TechTip: Tube Spans in the Xist Vibration Report

January 16, 2017

Xist® automatically generates a vibration analysis report for all cases. The software selects tube spans for analysis based on a range of factors, including TEMA shell type, baffle type and baffle orientation. While users are generally familiar with the structure of the vibration report for TEMA E shells, the methods applied to...
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• REPORT
• TECHTIP
• TUBE SPAN
• VIBRATION
• XIST

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Is My Design OK? Evaluating the Potential for Acoustic Vibration

January 16, 2017

Intense sound and vibration can be produced by gas flow through a heat exchanger array of tubes. Typically, the oscillating pressure corresponds to a transverse standing wave across the heat exchanger shell that is perpendicular to the crossflow and the tube axes. The sound is attributed to flow-induced pressure pulsations that...
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• DESIGN
• VIBRATION
• XIST

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STV-16 Calculating Fluidelastic Instability of U-Tubes Near Inlet Nozzles

January 16, 2017

The challenges of a rules-based vibration screening in Xist® have often led to excessive conservatism for U-tubes positioned near the inlet nozzle. In this study, we simulated shellside diabatic flow over the U-bend portion of the bundle for a number of nozzle locations using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Using the simulation...
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• XVIB
• XIST
• VIBRATION
• CFD

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STV-15 Select Crossflow Velocity Distributions for Analyzing Tube Vibration Potential

January 16, 2017

Both the value and distribution of velocity along each span are important for proper assessment of tube vibration potential. Because of the disparity in spatial resolution between the small-scale finite element structural model of Xvib® and the larger scale incrementation scheme of Xist®, engineering judgment is required to populate the important...
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• XVIB
• XIST
• VIBRATION
• CFD

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