Category: SHELLSIDE

This webinar provides a review of current HTRI, open literature, and HTFS research on shell flow regimes. The best available flow regime map will be identified, and focus areas of further research efforts will be discussed....
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This webinar will discuss Xist and CFD predictions of three NTIW exchanger configurations – 2 baffle, 4 baffles, and 6 baffles. The discussion will focus on the contributions of crossflow and longitudinal flow on heat transfer, which is due to varied baffle spacing for the same baffle cut. During the webinar,...
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Using available open literature sources and data from HTRI’s shellside condensation database, HTRI compared the predictions of horizontal shellside condensation correlations documented in HTFS™ reports and methods contained in HTRI Xchanger Suite®. The results show that HTFS methods slightly overpredict heat transfer coefficients for pure components and poorly predict heat transfer...
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Xist can predict unexpected performances of shellside viscous fluids in laminar regimes, where thermal maldistribution is present. The heat transfer of viscous flows across vertical baffles is analyzed by CFD to determine impact of such non-uniformity. Maldistribution can be monitored using a viscosity-independent Richardson number. The Richardson relates the impact of...
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Recent experiments performed in the Multi-purpose Visualization Unit (MVU) analyzed the dependence of shellside phase separation on exchanger geometry. During this webinar, we discuss the variation of the stratified to non-stratified transition boundary with exchanger geometry, applicable over a wide range of flow regime parameters....
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In 2008, HTRI established a multiyear research program to study vacuum condensation. The Low Pressure Condensation Unit (LPCU) was designed and constructed to accomplish this task. This webinar will present a description of the shellside vacuum condensation test section and a preview of preliminary findings. It also contains high-speed videos that...
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This webinar describes modeling flooded evaporators using Xist®. It reviews HTRI shellside boiling methods and discusses the similarities and differences for modeling kettles, x-shells, and flooded evaporators in Xist®. We use an ammonia chiller case to demonstrate a performance comparison of these three models....
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Vertical shellside boiling is used for a variety of applications, including vertical thermosiphon reboilers where hot fluid must be on the tubeside steam generators/waste heat boilers, which use very hot or corrosive fluids as the heating medium vertical feed-effluent exchangers, whose vertical orientation prevents phase separation Ideal vertical shellside reboilers have...
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This report discusses liquid-phase and flow boiling data collected on the shell side of a horizontal, nonbaffled plain tube bundle. Using these and other HTRI data, we evaluated heat transfer predictions from HTRI Xchanger Suite 7.3 and modified our methods. Fluid temperature measurements around the bundle demonstrate thermal stratification of liquid...
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HTRI collected flow boiling data using a plate-and-shell heat exchanger (PSHE) provided by Vahterus Oy. In the exchanger, steam condensed on the plate side, and process fluids—pure n-pentane and a mixture of n-pentane and p-xylene—boiled on the shell side. This report discusses the data and analysis, including evaluations using Xphe® 7.3.1....
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HTRI collected data in a horizontal E-shell exchanger with vertical-cut baffles, obtaining varying degrees of subcooling at the exchanger outlet for water, n-pentane, p-xylene, and  a binary mixture of n-pentane/p-xylene. Liquid level measurements along the length of the exchanger confirmed the presence of shellside flooding. Xist predicted the heat transfer area...
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This report documents the revised methods in Xist 8 for predicting the gravity-controlled condensate heat transfer coefficient on horizontal tube bundles. Reformulation of the relevant equations using the local condensate Reynolds number on an element of the tube bundle facilitates exploitation of the Xist 3D incremental structure more effectively than was...
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Flow distribution in a TEMA X-shell exchanger was studied parametrically through computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Using design rules for manifolds and a lumped, linear circuit analysis of the exchanger, we identified the number of nozzles and the cross-sectional distribution area as key parameters. Our CFD results quantify the improvement in the...
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High fidelity, tube-by-tube computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the turbulent, multistream shellside flow within a 9-crosspass, 591-mm diameter, 2276-mm long E shell were completed at four flow rates. The shellside water flow was heated by a full bundle at a uniform tube wall temperature. Computational results for duty and pressure...
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A shellside helical flow path in a shell-and-tube exchanger can provide a number of distinct advantages over the reversing, serpentine flow path of conventional segmental baffles; however, current open literature prediction methods do not provide the confidence engineers need to make sound design decisions. Several fundamental geometric parameters either are not...
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For shellside diabatic flows of highly viscous fluids, Xist can predict inconsistent pressure drops and heat transfer coefficients. HTRI examined the transition between forced and natural convection in single-segmental and double-segmental exchangers with Alta-Vis oil and an asphalt blend as test fluids. Comparisons were made between experimental data, open literature, computational...
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